In order to learn and test the feasibility of our business plan, we first
invited an entrepreneurship expert and conducted an expert interview.
Entrepreneurship Expert Interview
Background:
Mr. Peng Tao serves as the Chairman of South China Vaccine Co., Ltd. and is a
prominent figure in vaccine research and development in the southern region of China. His extensive
expertise has been instrumental in our vaccine development efforts, providing invaluable professional
guidance.
Figure 0a&b: Interview with Dr. Peng
Summary:
The interview with Chairman Peng Tao yielded a wealth of valuable insights. It
not only enhanced our understanding of the methodologies and professional knowledge required for vaccine
development, but also shed light on the post-development processes that vaccines must undergo. The expert
advice imparted during the interview proved instrumental in guiding our subsequent experimental endeavors.
Chairman Peng Tao emphasized that the fundamental role of a vaccine is to
activate our immune system, enabling it to recognize virus specificity prior to infection and generate
immunity to thwart virus intrusion. Developing an effective vaccine necessitates a profound comprehension of
how viruses cause diseases, understanding the mechanisms of viral immunity, and discerning how to
effectively engage with the human immune system. Additionally, it entails crafting a vaccine that is robust
and resistant to viral breaches. From the developmental phase to the market release, a vaccine must undergo
three clinical trials and undergo rigorous market surveillance and testing to ensure it meets predefined
standards of efficacy and safety.
Furthermore, Mr. Peng Tao offered insightful suggestions for refining our
financial statements. He underscored that vaccine development marks not the end but a crucial juncture in
the process. Before deployment, vaccines must navigate through three rigorous clinical trials, a process
that entails substantial costs. Securing investment becomes a pivotal task. Mr. Peng Tao emphasized that the
initial step in attracting investors is to craft a compelling business plan. A capable and steadfast team,
coupled with a compelling idea, holds great appeal for potential investors.
/*
The global vaccine market is growing rapidly, from $275 billion in 2016 to
$365 billion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 7.3%. China is the world's second largest
vaccine market, accounting for 31.7% of the global vaccine market.
Norovirus and Rotavirus are both pathogens that cause diarrhea, which are
especially harmful to infants and young children. Currently, only two Rotavirus vaccines are on the market
in China, and there is no Norovirus vaccine yet. Our bivalent vaccine targets both viruses at the same time,
using recombinant protein technology, which is more gentle on children.
It is predicted that the potential consumer population for Norovirus vaccines
in China will reach about 82 million by 2025 and about 81.8 million by 2031, indicating a broad market
prospect. Our vaccine is priced at 400 yuan/dose, with estimated annual sales volume reaching 3 million
doses.
We will cooperate with hospitals and insurance companies to apply for
inclusion in the medical insurance catalog, and choose appropriate social media to promote and increase
brand awareness and sales volume. At the same time, we will strictly abide by vaccine management laws and
regulations, and conduct vaccine sales and distribution through provincial-level disease control centers.
Through technological innovation and correct market positioning, we are
confident in seizing the first-mover advantage and developing superior bivalent Norovirus and Rotavirus
vaccine products in this field.
Figure 1
Total global health spending climbed from $7.62 trillion in 2016 to $8.86
trillion in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 3.8%. With the economic growth and a rise in health
awareness , the global total health expenditure has increased steadily. Moreover, it is predicted to grow at
a rate of 4.4% annually over this decade.
Figure 2
The global vaccine market size increased from $27.5 billion in 2016 to $36.5
billion in 2020, accounting for 2.8% of the total global pharmaceutical market, with a compound annual
growth rate of 7.3%. The epidemic of COVID-19 virus has promoted the global demand for COVID-19 vaccines,
and also accelerated the development of relevant innovative technologies by pharmaceutical companies to a
certain extent, which has positive significance for improving the effectiveness of vaccines and expanding
indications.The global vaccine market is expected to reach $80.9 billion and $136.7 billion in 2025 and 2031
Figure 3
Currently, norovirus vaccines are being developed for all age groups.
Norovirus can infect people of all ages, among which the most susceptible people are children under 5 years
old and older people over 65 years old. The population base of potential demand for norovirus vaccine will
continue to expand.It is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 5.9% from 2020 to 2025, and
the size of the potential demand population will reach about 82 million by 2031.
2.
1.4 Sales of Rotavirus vaccines in China between 2017 and 2021
Figure 4
The sales of Rotavirus vaccines in China generally increased from 2017 to
2021. Currently, only two kinds of Rotavirus vaccines are available in China, which indicated that there is
little competition in the market. RotaTeq from MSD is the most popular Rotavirus vaccines in 2021, occupying
57% of the market.
(1)
Accelerate the formulation of vaccine management regulations
The new Vaccine Management Law, implemented in 2019, provides a legal basis
for vaccine supervision.
(2 )
The vaccine is included in the national immunization program
(3)
Vaccine production subsidies and tax incentives
Vaccine manufacturers can enjoy VAT, corporate income tax reduction and other
preferential tax policies.
(4)
Financial support for vaccine procurement
The central government provides certain financial support for centralized
vaccine procurement at local levels.
(5)
Accelerate
the approval of drug registration
The approval of new vaccine drugs will be prioritized for review and approval,
and the time to market will be shortened.
(6)
Encourage
innovative vaccine research and development
We will provide financial support and incentives for new vaccine products and
technologies.
(7)
Strengthen intellectual property protection
Improve vaccine-related intellectual property laws and regulations to protect
innovation incentives.
For the norovirus vaccine, there is no specific support policy, and it needs
to be improved.
The Chinese government has implemented various policies to support and
regulate the vaccine industry, including formulating a new Vaccine Management Law, incorporating vaccines
into national immunization programs, providing financial subsidies and tax incentives for manufacturers,
expediting regulatory approval processes, encouraging vaccine innovation through R&D support, and
strengthening intellectual property protections. However, specific policies boosting norovirus vaccine
development are still lacking and need to be improved. Overall, the policy environment demonstrates the
government's commitment to facilitating vaccine advancement, ensuring supply security, and protecting public
health. Targeted policies spurring norovirus vaccine innovation would further align with these goals.
China maintains a stable macroeconomic environment conducive to the vaccine
market. According to the latest data, China's GDP reached 59,303.4 billion yuan in 2022, with a solid
economic growth rate of 5.5%. The CPI inflation rate remains low at 0.7%, below the government's 3% target.
This indicates steady economic development and rising household incomes in China.
A growing GDP and per capita disposable incomes create favorable conditions
for vaccine affordability and uptake. Economic growth expands the size of the middle class and the
population able to pay for vaccines. Low inflation preserves consumer purchasing power for medical products
like vaccines.
Specifically for pediatric vaccines, increased household incomes lead to
greater health awareness among parents and higher willingness to pay for children's immunization. Our novel
norovirus and rotavirus vaccine targets infants and children among whom vaccination rates correspond closely
with economic development levels.
With projected GDP growth averaging 5% in coming years, demand for pediatric
vaccines will be sustained. Our vaccine caters to an expanding demography of health-conscious and
economically capable parents. The stable macroeconomic climate provides a sound foundation for introducing
and marketing our innovative vaccine in China.
2.2.3 S
ocial factor
(1)
Age structure
As shown in the past (2020) and future expected (2025) china population
pattern, there was and will be a small proportion of people aged 0-14, which would be our target users.
Figure 5
Figure 6
(2)health (dysentery cases)
In 2021, the number of cases of other infectious diarrheal diseases in China
was 1,329,790, an increase of 267,513 cases over the previous year, an increase of 25.2%. It accounted for
21.3 percent of the total number of notifiable infectious diseases, an increase of 3.0 percentage points
year-on-year, indicating that there may be an increase in demand of our product.
Figure 7
2.2.4
Technical factor
Key emerging technologies in the vaccine field include:
(1)
mRNA vaccine technology
By using liposomes to wrap mRNA, human cells can directly express viral
antigen proteins and stimulate immune response.
(2)
Viral vector vaccine
Using harmless viruses as vectors to deliver antigen genes of target
pathogens.
(3)
Reverse vaccinology
The antibodies that can neutralize the virus are screened from the human
antibody library, and the vaccine is designed to induce the production of these antibodies in the body.
(4)
Mucoid
vaccine
A novel mucoid vaccine was designed using nanotechnology and immune enhancers.
(5)
Structural vaccines
Design vaccine epitopes at the molecular level to precisely trigger immune
responses.
(6)
Combination vaccine
A vaccine includes antigens from multiple pathogens to achieve multivalent
prevention.
(7)
Subcutaneous immunity
Needle-free vaccine, through subcutaneous injection to achieve convenient and
easy immunization.
Vaccine technology is advancing rapidly, and these innovative vaccines are
expected to improve disease prevention.
2.2.5
Environmental factor
The global warming trend continues.
Figure 8
Figure 9
Climate change and rising temperatures in China require careful consideration
in vaccine development and distribution.
China's average surface temperature has increased by 0.9-1.5°C over the
past century, exceeding the global average warming of 1°C. Extreme high temperature events have become
more frequent across China in recent decades.
Higher temperatures pose potential challenges for vaccine production, storage,
and transportation. Many vaccines need to be kept within a 2-8°C temperature range from factory to
point of vaccination to maintain stability and prevent loss of potency.
As a vaccine maker, we must implement climate-resilient solutions:
l
Production facilities should be equipped with sufficient cooling and backup
power to maintain ideal conditions.
l
Vaccines must be stored and transported in refrigerated vehicles and devices
with temperature monitoring and controls. Sturdy insulating packaging is essential.
l
Distribution logistics must minimize transit time and avoid external
temperature extremes. Cold chain infrastructure needs enhancement.
l
Awareness campaigns can promote proper vaccine storage by health facilities,
pharmacies, and end users.
With proactive planning, we can overcome the climate change challenges and
deliver effective vaccines to the target population through an unbroken cold chain. Adopting sustainable
business practices also helps us contribute to China's carbon peaking and neutrality goals.
2.2.6
Legal factor
(1)Antitrust Laws
China's Anti-Monopoly Law prohibits certain anticompetitive behaviors:
Monopoly agreements between operators that restrict competition, such as price
fixing, market segmentation, and restrictions on production or technology. These agreements are invalid.
Abuse of dominant market position through behaviors like selling at unfairly
high or low prices, forced transactions, price discrimination, and refusal to deal.
Mergers and acquisitions that may substantially restrict market competition.
These must be reviewed and approved by anti-monopoly regulators.
Violations may result in fines, asset divestment, business restrictions, and
criminal liability. As a new vaccine maker, we must avoid monopolistic behaviors and unfair competition.
(2)Trading Laws
China's trading laws aim to facilitate fair trade and economic development:
Trade must adhere to principles of equality, mutual benefit, reciprocity, and
good faith.
Laws and regulations govern trade policies, foreign trade operators,
import/export administration, and other aspects.
Authorities supervise and manage import/export activities, inspect goods and
documents, collect trade statistics, etc.
Trade disputes between domestic firms or with foreign entities can be resolved
through consultation, mediation, arbitration and litigation.
As a producer of medical products, we must comply with all relevant trading
laws and regulations, including those related to product standards, import/export permits, customs
clearance, and contract disputes. Strict compliance will enable smooth business operations.
2.3 Com
petition pattern analysis-Poter's five forces
2.3.1 T
he intensity of the competitive landscape
Weak
The intensity of rivalry for the Rotavirus vaccine is believed to be weak in
the Chinese vaccine market as only two competitive vaccines are produced by Rotateq and Rotarix company
respectively. It is even weaker for Norovirus because there is still no vaccine available.
The competition in the vaccine market is further undermined by comparing the
similarities and differences between our products and the rival commodities which alter the intensity of the
competitive landscape. The similarities are that the two vaccines are all oral and target young children.
The differences are the price levels and functions. The costs of rival products are 168 and 280 yuan.
Although we set the price of our products at 400, the price increase can provide our customers with greater
benefits. Therefore, it is
2.3.2 A
ccess to the market / new entrants
High
The vaccine industry involves high entrance barriers. From the research and
development of vaccines in clinical phases to the production and sale of vaccines. For most of the phases,
licenses, and permits are required. However, the application process is under strict regulation and
supervision from the state institution. Although new policies have been published to shorten the time taken
to audit clinical testing and listing approval, the technology involved in vaccine production still sets
more barriers to entry. The reason that there is still no available vaccine for Norovirus is because of the
difficulty of culturing Norovirus in vitro which is a key step for the conventional development of vaccine.
This inability sets difficulties and raises the cost of the vaccine. As a result, the demand for
professional experts who are knowledgeable and experienced is extremely important and could be another
barrier to entry. Furthermore, vaccine research is a long-term process that contains many uncertainties. The
prior investment in equipment and recruitment of experts all depend on strong financial support.
Furthermore, the clinical application for vaccines is also complicated as well as time-consuming. The
request for vaccine production is strict, as good manufacturing practice (GMP) is needed.
2.3.3 T
he threat of substitute products
Weak
In the current market, children are only provided with vaccines that target
Rotavirus. Unfortunately, young children are still exposed to the risk of Norovirus infection. Also, the
medicines available today treat patients by targeting the symptoms of patients. However, patients inevitably
still suffer from diarrhoea and pain. By contrast, our vaccine product targets the two prevalent viruses
which are Rotavirus and Norovirus. It protects children before their infection by both viruses. None of the
products in the current market can achieve this. Therefore, there is little threat of substitute products.
Currently, there are Norovirus vaccines that approach the clinical stage.
However, these vaccines only target a single virus rather than two.
2.3.4 The
level of supplier power
Weak
Currently, there is a large range of Biological technology companies including
IDT, Twist, Codex, Eurofins Genomics, and GenScript, that provide biological synthesis services. These
companies have resulted in a competitive industry (Zeng ZY et al., 2021) based on lower price levels and
higher quality of their service. Therefore, this provides us with the advantage of bargaining power on
price. Additionally, the recent advance in gene sequence technology from both foreign and national
firms in China has reduced the average cost of DNA assembly significantly. For example, assembly methods
including ligase cycling reaction, Gibson assembly, yeast assembly and others enable larger DNA sequences to
be synthesised with lower costs. (Sriram Kosuri and George M. Church, 2014). Also, as most of the genetic
products we need are standardized, little difference is shown between the products from different companies.
This lack of reliance on a particular biological company has also weakened the supplier's power on price.'
2.3.5 The
bargaining
power of buyers
Weak
This is closely linked to other analyzed factors. With the small number of
substitutes, consumers can hardly choose other products thus posing weak barging power on price.
2.3.5 Summary
Porter's Five Forces Analysis Summary
l
Competitive Rivalry - Currently only two rotavirus vaccines in China, no
norovirus vaccines yet, so competition is weak.
l
Threat of New Entrants-High barriers to enter vaccine industry including
strict regulations, licensing requirements, and technological complexity.
l
Threat of Substitutes -No vaccines currently target both viruses, our bivalent
vaccine has a unique advantage.
l
Bargaining Power of Suppliers -Multiple biotech suppliers, we have bargaining
power. Standardized key materials, not reliant on single suppliers.
l
Bargaining Power of Buyers -Few substitutes available, limited buyer options,
weak bargaining power.
In summary, the vaccine industry has high entry barriers, and our bivalent
vaccine has significant tech and product advantages over limited competition and substitution threats. This
creates good market opportunities for our vaccine innovation and commercialization.
2.4 STP analysis
2.4.1 Segregation
In 2020, the global market size of vaccine industry was 365 billion US dollar,
which took approximately 2.8% of the global medicine market. This percentage show compound annual growth
rate of 7.3% when comparing to the figure in 2016. With the gradual rise in world economy and
vaccine promotion
from
international institution like WHO, a higher demand for vaccine is expected to expand global vaccine market
size to 809 billian US dollar in 2025 and 1367 billion US dollar in 2031.
China, which ranks the second in vaccine market occupied around 31.7% of the
global market share and this is likely to continue grow in the future. As the biological production market
in China is predicted to expand at a compound annual growth rate of 9.5% from 2025 to 2031, the vaccine
market in China is also expected to rise and eventually take up 43.2% of the world vaccine market share in
the future.
Speficially for Norovirus, it is estimated that 55,200 thousands of people in
China could potentially become consumers of Norovirus vaccine products. This figure is likely to growth at a
compound annual growth rate of 4.9% from 2025 to 2031 and eventually reach 81,800 thousands of people in
2031. These potential customers for our products may bring promising profits. Furthermore, for Rotavirus,
there were only two companies in China providing corresponding vaccines which similarly both are oral
vaccines. It is worth mentioning that it was not until 2018 the enter of MSD, the Rotavaccine market started
to share by more than one company. After the enter, MSD rose its market share from 13.3% in 2018 to 56.5% in
2021. According to the recorded data, there was a increasing number of people being vaccinated for
Rotavirus. The number grew from 4,620,000 in 2017 to 12,930,000 in 2021.This increasing trend could indicate
the expanding market size for Rotavirus vaccines.
2.4.2 Targeting
As our vaccine product tagets on both Norovirus and Rotavirus, it is important
that before we launch our product, we make comparisions with our potential competitors.
This will help us locate our position in the market.
|
Vaccine Name
|
Firm
|
Vaccine type
|
Target Virus gene
|
Target population
|
Other information
|
Technology
|
|
Rotateq:
Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral, Pentavalent (Vero Cell)
|
Merk Sharp & Dohme
|
- Oral
-Pentavalent
|
G1, G2, G3, G4, G9
|
6 ~ 32 weeks
|
- require 3 dosage, every dosage should be injected with 4 to 10 weeks
apart
- verified by (WHO) meaning that this
vaccine meets the WHO's standards for safety, efficacy and quality.
|
Gene reassortment
|
|
Rotavirus Vaccine for Live, Oral (LLR)
|
Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products
|
- oral
-
|
G10P
|
2 month ~ 3 years old children
|
- 1 dosage
|
- inject animal infected virus
|
In terms of Rotavirus vaccine, the currently available ones in China solely
focus on single virus that is Rotavirus. These two vaccine products both target on infants and young
children. RotaTeq targets on population from 6 to 32 weeks while LLR focus on children from two months to
three years.
Unfortunately, there is still no Norovirus vaccine available in the market.
However, currently there are several vaccine products produced by four companies that appproach clinical
phase. These vaccine products involve many advantages that each target on different intended population.
Vaxart company focuses on oral vaccines that are available for adults. Their vaccine express virus protein
with genotype GI.1 VP1. TAK-214, another vaccine product produced by Takeda that also target on adults. The
difference between Vaxart and Takeda are the vaccine type, which is a bivalent (GI.1 and GII.4) vaccine that
is injectable. The other two vaccines target are available for infants. While the Norovirus vaccine from
Chongqing Zhifei could be available for infants over six weeks, the Lanzhou Institute produce vaccine that
aim at people aging from 6 months to 59 years.
2.4.3 Position
Through analysis, our vaccine product has successfully discovered its
position. This is demonstrated in the following STP diagram. Currently, there is still no Norovirus vaccine
in the market. We had planned to produce an oral vaccine for young children.
Figure 10
2.4.
4 Advantage and influence
(1)Conclude advantages:
Our novel bivalent norovirus and rotavirus vaccine has strong competitive
advantages in the current market landscape.
Firstly, there are presently no approved vaccines against norovirus infection,
so our product meets an important unmet clinical need and provides a first-mover advantage as the pioneering
norovirus vaccine. Our dual targeting of norovirus and rotavirus also makes us the only vaccine that can
protect against both leading causes of viral acute gastroenteritis. This dual protection provides unmatched
value.
Secondly, our recombinant protein technology platform is an innovative
approach that improves on the live attenuated vaccines currently dominating the rotavirus segment. Using
recombinant viral proteins as immunogens is gentler and safer compared to existing vaccines based on live
weakened viruses. Our proteins are produced in a controlled cell culture system, avoiding reliance on live
pathogens.
Thirdly, recombinant protein vaccines are more stable and have better storage
properties than live vaccines, which require an unbroken cold chain. This provides logistical advantages in
distribution and stockpiling.
In summary, our bivalent vaccine offers the broadest protection against viral
diarrhea, utilizes cutting-edge technology, and overcomes limitations of existing products. These meaningful
innovations position us well competitively to tap into the large underserved pediatric vaccine market in
China and globally.
(2)Influence:
Rotavirus and Norovirus are two diarrhea-causing pathogens that pose serious
pandemics around the world every year. Norovirus (NoV) has been indicated as one of the most common
causes of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and sporadic acute diarrhea episodes in subjects of any
age, while the former is a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children <5 years of
age. (Esposito & Principi, 2020; Crawford et al., 2017). The economic burden it generated in China was
also enormous, which the average direct medical costs for rotavirus-associated admissions were calculated to
be US $40.73 for outpatients and US $559.48 for inpatients in 2007 (Jin et al., 2011), which might raise the
financial pressure for the patient's family. For Norovirus, though few study calculated the cost of it to
one family it is calculated to take $4.2 billion direct medical cost per year globally (Bartsch et al.,
2016). World Health Organisation has stated that Rotavirus vaccines should be included in all national
immunization programmes and considered a priority, while Norovirus vaccines are still in development.
3.
Markting strategy-4P theory
3.1
Product
(1)N
ature of product
"
Anti-norota
"
is a oral bivalent vaccine that efficiently protects
people against both norovirus and rotavirus by using antigen to trigger human immune responses, therefore
save the users from pain of being sick. Norovirus and rotavirus are both pathogens that causes diarrheal
disease, which may be fatal to fetuses instead of adults so that the target users are mainly children.
content
'
Anti-norota
'
is a liquid base oral bivalent vaccine. There is one
20ml vaccine in each box, carefully packaged with sealed glass ampoule and placed in a plastic tray, as well
as a piece of instruction paper.
(2)P
rototype & packaging
Figure 11
It is important that several different measures are taken to increase the
publicity and sales of our product. This would involve both discounts and advertisements.
(1)Discounts
Cooperation with insurance company
One way discounts can be given to the public is through joint purchase with
other services like insurance company. We can negotiate with insurance company that if people purchase their
insurance service, they are able to enjoy discounts for our vaccine product. This can attract more customers
especially parents and couples who are planning to have kids.
Apply to national medical insurance system
In China, most of the public are more likely to use medicine or medical
service that are included in their national medical insurance system as it provides many discounts. If our
vaccine product is successfully added into national medical insurance system, this means at least 3.27
billion people could enjoy the discounts and be more likely to choose our vaccine products.
(2)Advertisement
Cooperation with hospitals
If our products could not add into medical insurance system, then cooperation
with hospital is another way to attract more consumers. If we can introduce our products to doctors and
persuade them to recommend the products to their patients, this would greatly increase the sales of our
products. This is because patients are more likely to trust their doctors and take their advice into
practise.
Partner with influencer
Working with influencers in social media, especially those who specialize in
medical care and scientific knowledge channels. These influencers are trusted by their audiences and often
inspire their followers. In this way, the public can be informed about our products actively when they check
the latest video of their favourite bloggers.
School institution
As our potential consumers are mostly infants and young children, we can
directly approach to them by contacting with schools. For example, in kindergartens and primary schools, a
course of lectures can be hold with parents and children to educate them about the danger of Norovirus and
Rotavirus to young children and explain how our vaccine products enhance their safety.
Offline posters
Bus station and subway are the main places that most of the public visits on a
daily basis. This creates the opportunities to put in advertisements. Conspicuous posters and creative
commercials videos can attract commuters' attention and develop their interest to gain a deeper
understanding of our products. As a result, the advertisements that can be seen at a daily basis could
become memorable and thus be well-known among the public. The increase in fame can build a strong image of
our products that is safe and reliable.
Our vaccine belongs to Class II vaccine and has two sales methods. It can be
directly sold to vaccination units such as hospitals and private clinics for vaccination work.
Alternatively, it can be sold to provincial-level disease prevention and control institutions for
distribution to municipal level disease prevention and control institutions, and then distributed to
county-level and township level medical and health institutions and vaccination units.
3.4
Price
There are many considerations in deciding the price of a product. The first
one is the price of substitute in the current market. At present, there are only two RV vaccines approved
for market in China: the oral rotavirus live vaccine (Rotavirus) developed by Lanzhou in 2001, and the Merck
oral pentavalent reformulated Rotavirus live attenuated vaccine (RotaTeq) listed in 2018. Rotateq provides
defense against more kinds of genogroup of rotavirus, and as a result, it is more costly than that of
Lanzhou. Rotateq costs 285.5 yuan per dose and Rotavirus costs 173.5 yuan per dose. Meanwhile, Norovirus
vaccine has not been invented yet, hence there are no similar product in the market.
Furthermore, cost and profit are two other significant factors that would
influence the price. Since we are still improving our product, the actual production has not been done yet,
so it remained uncertain to the gross expenditure. Hence we could only estimate our target price will locate
between 300 yuan per dose to 500 per dose, and it might fluctuate according to the situation. Details of our
financial planing is illustrated below.
|
Vaccine Name
|
Firm
|
Vaccine type
|
Target Virus gene
|
Target population
|
Other information
|
Technology
|
|
Rotateq: Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral, Pentavalent (Vero
Cell)
|
Merk Sharp & Dohme
|
- Oral - Pentavalent
|
G1, G2, G3, G4, G9
|
6 ~ 32 weeks
|
- Require 3 dosage, every dosage should be injected with 4 to 10 weeks
apart - Verified by (WHO) meaning that this
vaccine meets the WHO's standards for safety, efficacy and quality.
|
Gene reassortment
|
|
Rotavirus Vaccine for Live, Oral (LLR)
|
Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products
|
- Oral -
|
G10P
|
2 month ~ 3 years old children
|
- 1 dosage
|
- Inject animal infected virus
|
4.
Financial Planning
The price per dose of our products is calculated based on the average price of
available norovirus vaccines on the market. According to the data, the manufacturing cost accounts for 60%
of the price, and the manufacturing cost of each dose is 180 yuan. Data show that the average research and
development cost of biological companies in the market is 12%, and the research and development cost per
dose is 36 yuan. Cost of goods sold is the default (0.04% per year). Market demand The number of people
needed for domestic vaccines is calculated by the figure
s
below
, and the market share is calculated by increasing the market share by 5% per
year.
Figure 12: For Norovirus vaccine
Figure 13: For Norovirus+Rotavirus Vaccine
References:
1.
Esposito, S., & Principi, N. (2020). Norovirus Vaccine: Priorities for Future
Research and Development. Frontiers in
immunology, 11,1383.https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01383
2.
Crawford, S., Ramani, S., Tate, J. et al. Rotavirus
infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3, 17083 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.83
3.
Jin, H., Wang, B., Fang, Z., Duan, Z., Gao, Q., Liu, N., Zhang, L., Qian, Y.,
Gong, S., Zhu, Q., Shen, X., & Wu, Q. (2011). Hospital-based study of the economic burden associated with
rotavirus diarrhea in eastern China. Vaccine, 29(44), 7801-C7806.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.104
4.
Bartsch, S. M., Lopman, B. A., Ozawa, S., Hall, A. J., & Lee, B. Y. (2016).
Global Economic Burden of Norovirus Gastroenteritis. PloS one, 11(4), e0151219.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151219
5.
Mondiale de la Santé, O., & World Health Organization. (2021). Rotavirus
vaccines: WHO position paper-CJuly 2021-CVaccins antirotavirus: note de synthèse de l'OMS-CJuillet
2021. Weekly Epidemiological Record= Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 96(28),
301-219.
