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Abstract

Bovine milk production significantly contributes to global warming, largely due to cow methane production. This research begins to solve this problem by using the more sustainable organism, soybeans, to generate a genetically equivalent form of whey protein found in bovine milk. Soybean fields use less land, energy, are nitrogen fixing, and produce fewer greenhouse gasses, making them the ideal organism to use for milk production. The two main protein components of bovine milk are casein and whey. The aim of this research is to use synthetic biology techniques to bioengineer the whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, in soybeans. This is done by constructing a DNA plasmid that contains the alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin coding region, a promoter and terminator specific to soybeans, and a GUS gene reporter. This plasmid is then transformed into Agrobacterium. The transformed Agrobacterium will naturally insert the synthetic plasmid into a soybean seed. This transfected soybean seed will then have the machinery to produce the whey protein alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. Producing these whey proteins in soybeans is the first step to creating a chemically equivalent form of bovine milk that does not add to greenhouse gas emissions.